Statistical Analysis English: Key Terms Explained

Correlation and Regression Language

• Correlation: 'A strong positive correlation was identified between X and Y (r = .78, p < .001)'
• No correlation: 'No significant relationship was observed between X and Y (r = .12, p = .31)'
• Regression: 'X significantly predicted Y (β = .45, SE = .08, p < .001)'
• Model fit: 'The model explained 62% of the variance in Y (R² = .62)'

Comparison and Group Difference Language

• t-test: 'A significant difference was found between Group A (M = 4.2, SD = 0.8) and Group B (M = 3.5, SD = 0.9), t(78) = 3.42, p = .001'
• ANOVA: 'A one-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of condition, F(2, 87) = 8.43, p < .001'
• Chi-square: 'There was a significant association between gender and preference, χ²(1) = 5.21, p = .022'

Effect Size Language

Effect sizes are increasingly required by journals. Use these phrases.

• Cohen's d: 'The effect size was large (d = 0.82)' / 'small (d = 0.22)' / 'medium (d = 0.51)'
• Odds ratio: 'Participants in the intervention group were 2.4 times more likely to...'
• Eta squared: 'Condition accounted for 14% of variance (η² = .14)'